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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Line stander ： ウィキペディア英語版 Line stander Line stander, queue stander or queue professional is an informal occupation which came to an existence out of the necessity to stand long times in queues. A line stander is a person who stands in a line instead of another person. ==Poland== In Poland, this peculiar occupation ((ポーランド語:stacz kolejkowy)) was reported as a neologism 〔Alicja Zagrodnikowa, "Nowe wyrazy i wyrażenia w prasie" ("New Phrases and Expressions in Press"), 1982, (p. 332 )〕 in 1980s by the end of the Communist regime during severe shortages of consumer goods.〔''Kultura'', 1986, (p. 97 )〕 With the transition to market economy, goods shortages gradually went away, but the business opportunities for linestanders remained. A Polish professional linestander Tadeusz Żak says that this profession requires certain personal traits: one has to be honest, credible, active, persistent, and persevering. He says once he had to stand in line for 40 hours. His specialization is lines in hospitals for registration to high-demand and rare specialists.〔("Profesjonalny stacz kolejkowy z Tarnowa: Najdłużej stałem 40 godzin, często zarzucają mi, że dużo biorę" )〕 In 2013 Tadeusz Żak lost his 13 year long business, because local hospitals introduced advance registration.〔("Tarnów: kolejkowy stacz Tadeusz Żak straci zajęcie" )〕 Fortunately, Polish newspapers made "pan Tadek" a celebrity, and he started receiving various offers, some unrelated to his "business": e.g., a role of a marionette in opera ''Rigoletto'' (because he is a dwarf), and he even accepted a suggestion to ballot to city council of his home city of Tarnov from the Democratic Left Alliance in 2014. 〔("Stacz kolejkowy chce być..." )〕 In modern times, this occupation started taking advantage of modern technologies. In 2015, one of the winners of the Business Intelligence Hackathon API (BIHAPI) contest in Poland was a mobile app with a recognizable name "Stacz Kolejkowy" ("line stander").〔("BIHAPI –najlepsze aplikacje społecznie użyteczne" )〕〔("The Winners of the Orange Business Intelligence Hackathon API (BIHAPI)" ), February 25, 2015〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Line stander」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.